磁流变弹性体（Magnetorheological elastomer，MRE）是一种铁磁颗粒增强复合材料，其刚度和阻尼特性可随外加磁场的变化而调节，在工程上具有广泛的应用前景。在土木工程中，MRE可应用于各种减隔震系统，常见的有MRE隔震支座，相比于传统的隔震支座，MRE隔震支座可以根据地震作用对其刚度和阻尼进行实时的调整从而起到对系统智能控制的目的。有效地获得MRE的磁力学性能是其应用的基础，通常通过实验来表征MRE及MRE隔震支座的磁力学性能，基于物理的定量建模和仿真却很少，此外将MRE隔震支座应用到桥梁隔震系统的控制算法研究也很少。基于此背景，本文提出了一种基于微观力磁耦合模型的有限元多尺度仿真方法来确定MRE及MRE隔震支座的磁力学特性，并且对MRE桥梁隔震支座控制算法进行了研究。本文主要研究内容如下：

（1）   本文首先构建了一种考虑铁磁颗粒退磁场效应的MRE微观力磁耦合模型。阐明了在MRE的代表性体积单元（RVE）中以考虑了退磁场效应的磁体力形式存在的磁相互作用，介绍了MRE中的多物理场耦合现象，推导了含有磁体力情况下的宏观均匀化应力表达式，为后续的MRE磁粘弹性和磁超弹性多尺度仿真提供了基本模型和理论。

（2）提出了小应变情况下基于微观力磁耦合模型的MRE磁粘弹性多尺度仿真方法。研究了外加磁场、退磁场、微观结构参数对MRE磁粘弹性的影响，结合MRE中的微观磁化、磁场以及磁体力的分布揭示了其中的微观机理。通过该方法对具有不同微观结构的MRE磁粘弹性力学特性进行仿真，将仿真结果与实验数据进行了定量比较，验证了所提模型和仿真方法的适用性和正确性。

（3）   提出了大应变情况下基于微观力磁耦合模型的MRE磁超弹性多尺度仿真方法。研究了大应变情况下，加载应变对磁致应力的影响，       同时也研究了退磁场、微观结构参数对大应变下MRE磁应力的影响。结合MRE中的微观磁化、磁场以及磁体力分布随剪切应变的变化揭示了其中的微观机理。通过该方法对具有不同微观结构的MRE大应变情况下的磁超弹性力学特性进行仿真，将仿真结果与实验数据进行了定量比较，验证了所提模型和仿真方法的适用性和正确性。

（4）提出了一种从RVE到宏观结构的力磁耦合多尺度仿真方法。通过该方法研究了MRE的微观结构和MRE隔震支座MRE层的厚度对MRE隔震支座侧向刚度的影响。对多组具有不同宏观结构的MRE隔震支座的磁力学性能进行仿真和分析，将仿真得到的MRE隔震支座磁力学性能结果与实验数据进行了定量比较，验证了所提模型和仿真方法的适用性和正确性。此外对一足尺MRE桥梁隔震支座进行了磁路的设计与优化，并通过提出的多尺度方法获得了其侧向刚度。

（5）提出了针对MRE桥梁混合隔震系统的基于瞬时最小输入能量的（IMIE）半主动控制算法。通过最小化地震传递给结构的总动能和最小化隔震系统在每个时间步的控制能量，确定隔震系统的最佳可控刚度，以减轻隔震结构的响应。通过对某一桥梁模型进行了不同输入地震波下的时程分析评估了所提半主动控制算法的控制效果。MRE桥梁隔震系统通过IMIE半主动控制，桥梁上部结构的加速度峰值、桥墩的位移峰值和支座的位移峰值减小，起到隔震的目的。为MRE隔震支座在桥梁工程中的应用提供理论指导。

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