细菌纤维素（Bacterial Cellulose，BC）是一种由微生物合成的高分子聚合 物，由葡萄糖分子以 β-1, 4 糖苷键连接而成，具有高纯度、高持水率、良好的 抗拉强度及良好的生物相容性等优异特性。因此，BC 被广泛应用于造纸、食 品 以 及 生 物 医 学 等 领 域 。 在 所 有 能 合 成 BC 的 微 生 物 中 ， 木 醋 杆 菌 （Komagataeibacter xylinum）能较为有效地利用各种碳源作为底物合成 BC。目 前，用作培养木醋杆菌的碳源成本偏高，合成的 BC 产量也不理想，从而限制 了 BC 的应用。全球每年会产生大量的食物废料，这些食物废料中含有丰富的 营养物质，其有望成为木醋杆菌合成 BC 的原料。本研究将橘子皮、西瓜皮、 香蕉皮、米饭、面条以及馒头共 6 种食物废料经过处理后制成木醋杆菌培养基， 用于合成 BC，然后对合成的 BC 膜进行表征测试及产率计算。 本研究将橘子皮、西瓜皮以及香蕉皮分别经过超纯水煮沸、过滤、离心以 及灭菌作为培养木醋杆菌的橘子皮培养基、西瓜皮培养基及香蕉皮培养基，并 将上述三种果皮培养基以 1：1：1 的体积比混合得到混合果皮培养基。将米饭、 面条以及馒头经过超纯水煮沸以及灭菌后分别作为米饭培养基、面条培养基及 馒头培养基，并将米饭、面条及馒头以 1：1：1 的质量比混合后再经超纯水煮 沸及灭菌后得到混合主食废料培养基。将活化后的木醋杆菌接种于橘子皮培养 基、西瓜皮培养基、香蕉皮培养基、米饭培养基、面条培养基、馒头培养基、 混合果皮培养基以及混合主食废料培养基中，在 30℃下静置培养 7 天。主要结 果如下： （1）BC 产率：每 100 g 西瓜皮培养基、橘子皮培养基、混合果皮培养基、 香蕉皮培养基、米饭培养基、面条培养基、馒头培养基以及混合主食废料培养 基中合成的 BC 产率分别为 1.054±0.009 g、0.937±0.008 g、0.827±0.025 g、 0.151±0.008 g、1.203±0.056 g、0.741±0.061 g、0.824±0.153 g 以及 1.03±0.056 g。 （2）利用傅里叶红外光谱表征及 X 射线衍射表征本研究中 BC 膜的官能团 结构及晶型，结果证实了其特征官能团为高纯度的纤维素所拥有的官能团，且 属于 I 型纤维素，并包括 Iα型纤维素以及 Iβ型纤维素。 （3）利用扫描电镜观察 BC 膜微观形貌，结果显示所有 BC 膜均呈现网状 结构，并拥有直径小于 100 nm 的纤维素丝。（4）利用 BET（Brunauer、Emmett、Teller）比表面积分析法测量了 BC 膜的比表面积、孔体积以及孔径。其中，从西瓜皮培养基、橘子皮培养基以及 米饭培养基中合成的 BC 含有孔径大于 50 nm 的大孔，其余培养基合成的 BC 孔径相差不大。 （5）利用电子万能材料试验机测试 BC 膜的机械性能，包括抗拉强度、断 裂伸长率以及杨氏模量，结果显示本研究合成的 BC 均具有较为良好的机械性 能。其中从米饭培养基及西瓜皮培养基中合成的 BC 拥有较高的抗拉强度，其 值依次为 66.03±5.71 Mpa、54.29±4.83 Mpa。 （6）生物相容性实验结果表明，以上各种培养基中合成的 BC 均无细胞毒 性，且不存在明显的溶血现象。 综上，本研究利用食物废料橘子皮、西瓜皮、香蕉皮、米饭、面条及馒头 作为木醋杆菌合成 BC 的碳源，合成的 BC 性能良好。这对 BC 合成成本的降低、 食物废料中营养价值的利用以及环境保护具有重要意义。

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