随着现代电子技术的快速发展，电磁干扰和辐射污染对精密设备和人类健康造成严峻挑战。因此，迫切需要一种能够将电磁能转化为其它形式的能量来有效吸收和衰减电磁波的电磁波吸收材料。目前，下一代吸波材料不仅追求高效的吸波性能，还需要在高温稳定性、轻量化和耐腐蚀等方面取得突破。ABO₃型钙钛矿氧化物显示出结构稳定性高、密度低、耐热性佳和电磁性能优异等特性，引起了广泛研究，在氧电极、陶瓷、热敏电阻和超导材料等多种领域有着优秀的应用前景。由于钙钛矿结构的灵活性使得它能够容纳不同元素以不同的价态存在于晶格中，其物理化学性质和晶体结构可以通过A位或B位离子掺杂进行调节。本文采用稀土元素对钙钛矿结构陶瓷材料进行A位掺杂，以提高其电磁波吸收性能。选取Sm、La、Gd元素对SrMnO₃、SrTiO₃、CaMnO₃进行掺杂，并系统研究了各体系样品的物相组成、晶体结构和元素价态变化对其电磁参数以及吸波性能的影响，证明了通过稀土掺杂以改善轨道简并度并增强Jahn-Teller畸变，来调节具有强电子晶格耦合的钙钛矿锰氧化物体系的电磁波吸收能力是可行的，并可能加速钙钛矿结构陶瓷作为吸波材料的应用。

本论文通过固相反应法，分别在1200ºC、1400ºC和1100ºC下成功合成了Sr_0.5Sm_0.5MnO₃、Sr_1-xLa_xTiO₃和Ca_1-xGd_xMnO₃体系粉末样品，所有样品均呈现钙钛矿结构，稀土元素成功进入晶格。La³⁺离子与Sr³⁺离子的离子半径差异结合晶格缺陷引起了Sr_1-xLa_xTiO₃体系样品的晶格收缩。而Ca_1-xGd_xMnO₃体系样品则在晶体缺陷、Mn离子半径变化以及Jahn-Teller效应的共同作用下，晶胞体积增大。此外，三个体系的钙钛矿陶瓷粉末都有着良好的高温相稳定，具有成为高温吸波剂的潜力。

稀土掺杂不仅形成晶格缺陷，也使体系中的电荷平衡位置发生改变，提高了所有体系内掺杂样品的介电损耗。一部分原因是来自氧空位的贡献，与未掺杂样品相比，所有体系掺杂样品的氧空位含量都有所提升，尤其是在Sr_1-xLa_xTiO₃和Ca_1-xGd_xMnO₃体系中，随着La³⁺离子和Gd³⁺离子含量提升，氧空位含量愈发增大。氧空位的存在不仅增大了载流子的浓度，还能增强极化效应。Sr_1-xLa_xTiO₃体系所有样品反射损耗的值都没有低于-10 dB。尽管Ti⁴⁺离子和Ti³⁺离子之间的电子迁移也提高了弛豫现象。但是过高的介电常数实部和过低的介电常数虚部影响了阻抗匹配，掺杂对Sr_1-xLa_xTiO₃体系的吸波性能提升有限。

而与Sr_1-xLa_xTiO₃体系相比，Sr_0.5Sm_0.5MnO₃和Ca_1-xGd_xMnO₃体系样品表现出良好的电磁波吸收能力。其中，Sr_0.5Sm_0.5MnO₃在匹配厚度为5.6 mm时，最低反射损耗在15.84 GHz处达到了-32.57 dB，而Ca_1-xGd_xMnO₃体系中，吸波性能最优异的CG2MO样品，在匹配厚度为2.8 mm时，不仅其反射损耗最低值达到了-31.9 dB，还具有3.3 GHz的有效吸波带宽。这些结果揭示了钙钛矿结构锰氧化物在电磁吸波领域的独特优势。掺杂能造成Mn³⁺离子含量的提高，增强了Mn元素与O元素的双交换作用，从而提高介电损耗。Sr_0.5Sm_0.5MnO₃和Ca_1-xGd_xMnO₃体系的掺杂样品不仅引入了极化弛豫损耗，也增强了传导损耗。与Sr_0.5Sm_0.5MnO₃体系相比，Ca_1-xGd_xMnO₃体系是一种介电损耗材料，其吸波性能不受居里温度的影响，不会在高温出现消磁现象。利用第一性原理计算来分析了Ca_1-xGd_xMnO₃体系中的电子结构，证明了掺杂Gd³⁺离子增强了Mn元素与O元素的双交换作用。Gd的掺杂不仅增加了CaMnO₃体系原有的载流子浓度，提高了传导损耗，还产生了大量的氧空位等缺陷，引起了Mn³⁺离子含量的提升，产生了缺陷极化、偶极子极化和界面极化等多重极化弛豫现象，从而提高了极化弛豫损耗，进而提高了介电损耗。得益于良好的介电损耗，Ca_1-xGd_xMnO₃体系具有成为优质吸波材料的潜力。

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