船舶结构的极限强度是评估船舶能否承受服役期间各种载荷的重要指标，也是指导船舶结构理性设计的重要基础。准确评估船舶结构的极限强度，一直是船舶工业届和学术届重点关注的研究课题。传统极限强度评估方法均为建立在一次性单调载荷下的极限强度基础上，然而船舶在服役周期内，更多的情况是处于交变循环载荷的作用下。恶劣风浪情况下船舶结构承受较大交变循环载荷时，船舶结构塑性变形的不断累积且会形成了低周疲劳裂纹并不断扩展，累积塑性损伤和疲劳裂纹损伤共同导致了船体梁的最大承载能力逐渐降低，最终导致船体梁出现整体破坏。以一次性极限强度为基础的评估方法存在过高预估船舶结构极限强度的风险，必须在对船舶结构极限强度评估时考虑累积塑性和疲劳裂纹扩展的影响。 本文旨在静力极限强度概念的基础上，同时考虑循环载荷引起的累积塑性和疲劳裂纹扩展，对极端循环荷载下船舶结构的极限强度进行评估。本文从船体板、加筋板和简化箱型梁等三个结构维度综合运用理论分析、数值计算以及试验研究的方法，来更真实地评估恶劣海况下船舶结构的（剩余）极限强度，具有十分重大的科学研究意义和工程应用价值。论文的主要研究工作如下： （1）回顾了船舶结构极限强度的研究历史和已有研究方法，介绍了相关的研究背景，指出了已有研究成果的不足，阐述了开展累积塑性和疲劳裂纹扩展交互作用下船舶结构极限强度研究的重要性和必要性。 （2）引入等效屈服强度衰减参数和等效弹性模量衰减参数来考虑累积塑性引起的结构损伤，并对单调加载下船体板/加筋板的平均应力-平均应变（或载荷-端缩）公式进行了修正，得到循环荷载下船体板/加筋板平均应力应变修正公式。在累积塑性引起的结构损伤基础上考虑疲劳裂纹损伤对极限强度做进一步地折减，推导得出循环荷载下裂纹板/裂纹加筋板的剩余极限强度简化公式。 （3）分析了循环载荷幅值、裂纹分布、板的长宽比、带板板厚以及加强筋尺寸对裂纹板/裂纹加筋板在极端循环载荷下裂纹扩展规律和极限强度衰减规律的影响，并将由循环载荷引起的累积塑性损伤和疲劳裂纹损伤均考虑在内，提出了考虑裂纹扩展下裂纹板/裂纹加筋板的无量纲化极限强度预测公式，用于估算其循环极限强度值。 （4）对船体板和加筋板试件进行极端循环载荷下极限承载性能试验，通过变更不同工况来同时考虑累积塑性和疲劳裂纹扩展对试件剩余极限强度的影响。试验结果与理论简化公式、预测公式以及数值仿真结果进行了对比，验证了本文中理论计算模型与数值计算方法的准确性及合理性。 （5）设计、制作了系列简化箱型梁模型，分别对其开展了双向循环弯曲下极限崩溃强度试验，试验研究箱型梁模型在交替中垂-中拱弯矩下的极限承载性能，分析并比较完整箱型梁与裂纹箱型梁极限弯矩的衰减规律。 （6）详细讨论了裂纹长度、裂纹分布和裂纹位置对裂纹箱型梁在极端循环载荷下极限弯矩的影响；分析了极端循环载荷下极限强度折减机理，得出极限强度折减归因于累积塑性损伤与疲劳裂纹损伤的交互作用，并通过其他箱型梁模型验证了其适用性。 （7）总结本文的研究工作，并对后续研究工作进行展望。

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