磁性纳米材料兼具磁性材料和纳米材料的双重特性，基于其易功能化的表面，在数据存储、生物医药及环境治理等很多领域具有非常广阔的应用前景。本文以磁性纳米球为模板，将不同结构的缓蚀剂分子装载于磁性纳米球，制备具有缓释能力的磁性纳米材料，进而将其分散于有机涂层中，使之在环境刺激下释放出缓蚀剂，实现对金属的防腐和自修复，并利用磁性纳米球在聚合物涂层中的纳米结构制备一类疏水、粗糙性表面而展现涂层的抗污能力。

本文采用溶剂热法制备了尺寸约为100 nm、结构疏松的CoFe2O4磁性纳米球。将苯并三唑（BTA）以共价结合的方式装载至其表面，得到CoFe2O4/BTA纳米球。利用聚乙烯亚胺（PEI）对CoFe2O4纳米球进行表面改性，进而与聚天冬氨酸钠（PASP）静电结合，得到CoFe2O4/PEI/PASP纳米球。同样采用静电结合法将聚丙烯酸钠（PAAS）和咪唑啉季铵盐（IQAS）依次装载至CoFe2O4/PEI表面，得到CoFe2O4/PEI/PAAS/IQAS纳米球，这四种纳米球在室温下均具有超顺磁性，饱和磁化强度依次为70.0 emu/g、65.0 emu/g、59.5 emu/g和45.4 emu/g。

将CoFe2O4/BTA、CoFe2O4/PEI/PASP和CoFe2O4/PEI/PAAS/IQAS纳米球分别掺杂在SBS中成膜，得到了表面平整、致密的有机涂层。测试结果表明，掺杂了磁性纳米球的涂层可以有效抑制铜片的阳极极化，增大样品阻抗，降低腐蚀电流，从而抑制铜片的腐蚀。CoFe2O4/PEI/PAAS/IQAS由于负载了两层缓蚀剂，具有双重防护作用，因而防腐性能最优。将CoFe2O4/PEI/PAAS/IQAS磁性纳米球掺杂于SBS涂层中，划痕后进行测试，结果表明，磁性纳米球表面装载的缓蚀剂只在腐蚀环境刺激下，打破与磁性纳米球之间的静电力而释放，从而抑制金属的进一步腐蚀，具有明显的自修复功能。

通过对玻片表面进行piranha溶液和硅烷化处理，将SEBS基层和结构层紧密涂覆在玻片表面，然后将掺杂了CoFe2O4/PEI/PAAS/IQAS磁性纳米球的PS-PDMS-PVMS涂层涂覆于其上，得到一种疏水性、纳米级粗糙的表面。测试结果表明，该防污涂层比较粗糙，且为疏水性表面，水接触角为114.5°，SEBS涂层样品在浸泡于BSA-FITC蛋白质溶液过程中会不断吸附蛋白质，而掺杂了磁性纳米球的PS-PDMS-PVMS涂层几乎不吸附蛋白质，具有明显的防污能力。

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