磁共振成像（简称 MRI）利用体内的水、膜和蛋白质中的氢原子核的磁特性，采用无创、非电离成像技术，通过与外磁场和无线电波的相互作用产生磁共振信号，最终获得人体内部的详细MRI图像。它是一种功能强大的成像方法，具有无损、实时和高分辨等特性，已成功用于区分病变和健康组织，在医学影像诊断中有较好的应用前景。

但是在MRI成像中，需要结合使用造影剂来提高成像对比度和清晰度，否则无法得到生物学活性和功能信息丰富的图像来进行疾病的诊断和治疗。目前使用的商业造影剂有Gd-DTPA造影剂、肝胆造影剂等，但在临床应用中，某些病人对这些造影剂出现一些排异性并有副作用，因此开发出一种新的造影剂尤为重要。而超顺磁性氧化铁纳米粒子的超顺磁性、高弛豫率和高敏感性使其能有效地用于MRI中，从而提高成像对比度。

近年来，将磁性纳米粒子应用于磁共振成像中一直是研究热点。而目前面临的最大挑战是制备粒径小、单分散和生物相容性良好且能明显增强MRI 效果的纳米粒子造影剂。

本论文主要是合成水溶性的超顺磁性氧化铁纳米粒子包括十二烷基硫醇-聚甲基丙烯酸- Fe3O4纳米粒子（DDT-PMAA@MIONs）、季戊四醇-3-巯基丙酸酯-聚乙烯吡咯烷酮- Fe3O4纳米粒子（PTMP-PVP@MIONs），并对其在磁共振成像中的应用进行了研究。主要内容包括：水溶性磁性氧化铁纳米粒子DDT-PMAA@MIONs和PTMP-PVP@MIONs的制备与表征。

通过自由基聚合法合成硫醚封端聚合物配体DDT-PMAA和PTMP-PVP，再利用所制备的聚合物配体通过高温共沉淀法制备硫醚封端磁性纳米粒子DDT-PMAA@MIONs和PTMP-PVP@MIONs，并对其进行了一系列的表征。由TEM图可知磁性纳米粒子的尺寸较小，均小于10nm且分散较均匀，纳米粒子能稳定保存且具有良好的水溶性，根据饱和磁化强度测试可知，纳米粒子具有一定的磁性，而通过MTT试验表明纳米粒子对细胞的毒性较小。这些结果表明，制备的硫醚封端的Fe3O4纳米粒子（DDT-PMAA@MIONs和PTMP-PVP @MIONs）尺寸均一、分散性好，并具有较好的水溶性和生物相容性。

在此基础上，本文研究了硫醚封端的Fe3O4纳米粒子DDT-PMAA@MIONs在磁共振成像中的应用。将DDT-PMAA@MIONs进行生物体内外的 MRI 成像实验，结果表明，DDT-PMAA@MIONs能有效地用于动物体的 MRI 成像中作为磁共振造影剂，为在人体的临床应用中提供了依据。

总的来说，本文合成了具有良好的水溶性、生物相容性的磁性纳米粒子，可以在MRI中用作磁共振造影剂，为磁性纳米粒子在 MRI中的发展提供了理论依据。

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