光催化技术是一种新兴的实用型技术，它可以利用太阳光照完成有机物质的降解和有毒物质的去毒处理等过程，是一种兼具环保与节能意义的绿色环境处理技术。TiO₂因其发展最早、效果最好、具有良好的化学稳定性和长期稳定性等优势成为现在催化剂工业上的翘楚，但其受到本身禁带宽度较大和量子效率较低的限制，催化效率有待进一步提高。因此研究TiO₂ 的改性来提高其光催化效率具有非常重要的研究价值与实际意义。

本文试图通过半导体复合以提高光催化剂的光催化性能，旨在利用半导体间的p-n异质结结构来引导p，n型半导体中光生电子和空穴的流向，提高其电子和空穴的分离效率，进而提高量子效率，最终使TiO₂的光催化性能得到大幅度增强。采用水热法分别制备粒径较小的CuCrO₂纳米晶和金红石相TiO₂纳米棒阵列薄膜，优化了制备TiO₂纳米棒阵列薄膜的工艺条件。分别利用旋涂法和浸渍法制备出一系列CuCrO₂/TiO₂复合光催化剂，采用XRD，SEM，TEM，XPS，PL，光电流等几种方法对催化剂进行表征，考察了在紫外光照射下光催化降解亚甲基蓝水溶液的性能。研究结果表明：利用CuCrO₂纳米晶对TiO₂进行改性可以提高TiO₂的光催化效率，CuCrO₂纳米晶的负载量及热处理工艺等因素都对光催化性能产生重要影响。其中，以0.50g/L的CuCrO₂纳米晶悬浮液在5000r/min的转速下旋涂20s，并重复旋涂5次得到的样品具有最好的光催化性能，其催化效率和反应速率常数分别为85.3%和0.236h^-1，较纯TiO₂纳米棒阵列薄膜光催化参数分别提高14.3%和38.8%。采用浸渍法制备的最佳参数为0.50g/L浓度下浸渍32h，其效率和速率比纯TiO₂分别提高10%和27%。综合分析认为CuCrO₂/TiO₂复合光催化剂光催化性能的提高来源于二者间形成的p-n异质结结构。其机理是在p-n结内建反向电场的作用下，引导了电子和空穴分别向TiO₂的导带和CuCrO₂的价带转移，使电子和空穴得到了更为有效的分离。

本文研究证实通过复合CuCrO₂半导体形成的p-n异质结对TiO₂进行改性是一种有效提高光催化活性的方法。通过进一步研究，有望使光催化性能得到更大幅度的提高。这种p-n异质结结构光催化剂的研究和开发将对未来高效光催化剂的制备和应用起到指导作用。

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